What is PHVD?
DEFINITION. Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) precedes hydrocephalus but may be self limiting and is widely defined as IVH followed by progres- sive enlargement until the ventricular width at the intraventricular foramen exceeds 4 mm over the 97th centile for gestational age1 (fig 1).
What is Ventriculosubgaleal shunt?
Ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) is preferred in those hydrocephalus cases because it is a simple and rapid method, precludes the need for repetitive aspiration for evacuation of CSF, establishes a permanent decompression without causing electrolyte and nutritional losses, and aims to protect the cerebral development …
What is a PHH ultrasound?
Premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) followed by post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are at high risk for brain injury. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is used for monitoring of premature neonates during the first weeks after birth to identify IVH and follow the progression to PHH.
What is an intraventricular hemorrhage?
What is intraventricular hemorrhage? Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of the newborn is bleeding into the fluid-filled areas, or ventricles, surrounded by the brain. The condition is most often seen in premature babies, and the smaller and more premature the infant, the higher the risk for IVH.
What are the effects of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus ( PHH )?
As one of the most serious complications of neonatal/adult intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), PHH is associated with increased morbidity and disability of these events. Common sequelae of PHH include neurocognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and growth impairment.
How is hydrocephalus related to intraventricular hemorrhage?
Depending on the bleeding regions in the brain, PHH can be divided into two major forms: hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage. According to the primary causes, this condition can be classified into three subtypes: IVH-associated PHH, SAH-associated PHH, and TBI-associated PHH.
What causes a person to have hydrocephalus in the brain?
Other contributing factors. Other factors that can contribute to hydrocephalus among any age group include: Lesions or tumors of the brain or spinal cord. Central nervous system infections, such as bacterial meningitis or mumps. Bleeding in the brain from a stroke or head injury.
Which is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in preterm babies?
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in the preterm newborn, but the timing of surgical intervention for this condition remains controversial. Recent evidence suggests that earlier, rather than later, intervention may have some benefits, but more data are needed to adequately inform clinical practice.
