What is the classical theory of paramagnetism?
According to classical theory the atoms of the paramagnetic gas are assumed to be small permanent magnets due to circulating electrons . When the magnetic field applied the atoms will tend to orient themselves with their magnetic axes in the direction of the field .
What is language theory of paramagnetism?
Langevin’s classical theory of Paramagnetism: Langevin considered a paramagnetic gas containing N atoms per unit volume each having a permanent magnetic moment μ. In the presence of a magnetic field H, these dipoles tend to orient themselves in the direction of the field in order to minimize their energy.
What is the theory of diamagnetism?
Diamagnetism is a quantum mechanical effect that occurs in all materials; when it is the only contribution to the magnetism, the material is called diamagnetic. In paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances, the weak diamagnetic force is overcome by the attractive force of magnetic dipoles in the material.
Who discovered paramagnetism?
Paramagnetism, kind of magnetism characteristic of materials weakly attracted by a strong magnet, named and extensively investigated by the British scientist Michael Faraday beginning in 1845.
Why diamagnetism is a universal phenomenon?
Diamagnetism is a universal property of the atom since it arises from the motion of electrons in their orbits around the nucleus. Electrons moving in this way represent electrical circuits and it follows from Lenz’s law that this motion is altered by an applied field in such a manner as to set up a repulsive force.
Is oxygen paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
Oxygen is paramagnetic mainly because it consists of two unpaired electrons in its last molecular orbital. This can be proven if we look at the molecular orbital diagram of oxygen. If we fill each orbital as per Hund’s rule we will see that oxygen is a diradical having two unpaired electrons with the same spin.
What is the domain theory physics?
The domain theory states that inside a magnet there are small regions in which the magnetic direction of all the atoms are aligned in the same directions. These regions are known as domains. Within a domain, the aligment of the magnetic direction is the same.
Is oxygen diamagnetic or paramagnetic?
It shows that all the electrons in oxygen are paired, so oxygen should be diamagnetic. Yet oxygen is paramagnetic. The correct explanation comes from Molecular Orbital theory.
Why is oxygen paramagnetic?
The reason that oxygen is paramagnetic is because the oxygen molecule has two unpaired electrons. Electrons not only go around the atom in their orbitals, they also spin, which creates a magnetic field. Unpaired electrons spin in the same direction as each other, which increases the magnetic field effect.
What is the difference between a diamagnetic and a paramagnetic?
The key difference between paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials is that the paramagnetic materials get attracted to external magnetic fields whereas the diamagnetic materials repel from the magnetic fields.
What is a paramagnetic oxygen sensor?
Paramagnetic Oxygen Sensors . Paramagnetic oxygen sensors are based around a small glass dumbbell filled with an inert gas. The dumbbell is suspended by a platinum wire inside a cylindrical container. This is held within a non-uniform magnetic field. When a gas flows through the sensor, its oxygen molecules are attracted to…
