How do hematopoietic stem cells differentiate?

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into all blood lineage cells. Stem cells give rise to undifferentiated stem cells (birth) or differentiate into progenitor cells (death). This process is regulated by asymmetric/symmetric divisions of HSCs.

What is differentiation in hematopoiesis?

During hematopoiesis, HSCs respond to a wide array of extracellular signals and differentiate into cells of the erythroid, lymphoid, and myeloid lineages. Cells that differentiate into lymphocytes, such as B Cells and T Cells, can be identified by detecting increased expression MS4A1/CD20 and CD4, respectively.

What is differentiation in vitro?

It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc.

What cells do HSC differentiate into?

HSCs are the most primitive cells of the blood lineage that form the entire repertoire of mature blood cells [24]. HSCs undergo a series of binary cell-fate decisions to proliferate and differentiate, producing lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, red blood cells, and platelets [25].

Where in the body are hematopoietic stem cells found?

bone marrow
Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow.

What are 3 types of stem cells?

Types of Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells.
Tissue-specific stem cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells.

How is differentiation induced in vitro?

In vitro embryoid body formation. ES cells spontaneously differentiate into derivatives of three-embryonic germ layers: mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm via formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) upon removal of factors that maintain the undifferentiated or pluripotent state of stem cells [42].

What is long term HSC?

Long term HSCs are capable of self renewal, while short term HSCs do not have this capacity. Short term HSCs, also called progenitor or precursor cells, can differentiate into all types of blood cells, which can be characterized by specific markers.

What produces hematopoietic stem cells?

The red bone marrow is derived from the layer of the embryo called the mesoderm. Haematopoiesis is the process by which all mature blood cells are produced….Hematopoietic stem cell.