Can chlorine be hypervalent?
Deviations from the Octet Rule Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), and the triiodide ion (I3−) are examples of hypervalent molecules. As a result, the second period elements (more specifically, the nonmetals C, N, O, F) obey the octet rule without exceptions.
Is XeF4 hypervalent?
species such as S1F5-, PCI5, SFe, and XeF4 are hypervalent. be +3.62 and the charge on each fluorine is found to be —0.63.
What is hypervalent and Hypovalent?
hypervalent is a molecule that contains element within the more than 8 electrons in the valence shell. hypovalent is a molecule which content element with In the less than 8 electron in the valence shell.
What is meant by hypervalent?
A hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements apparently bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells.
What are the effects of chlorine in water?
Some of these effects occur because chlorine tends to form trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes (THMs), including chloroform, form when chlorine reacts with tiny organic particles found in water. These chemical compounds have been implicated in several adverse health outcomes.
What does free chlorine mean in drinking water?
Methods to Test Free Chlorine in the Field in Developing Countries. Summary. The presence of free chlorine (also known as chlorine residual, free chlorine residual, residual chlorine) in drinking water indicates that: 1) a sufficient amount of chlorine was added initially to the water to inactivate the bacteria and some viruses
What does it mean to have residual chlorine in water?
The presence of free chlorine (also known as chlorine residual, free chlorine residual, residual chlorine) in drinking water indicates that: 1) a sufficient amount of chlorine was added initially to the water to inactivate the bacteria and some viruses that cause diarrheal disease; and, 2) the water is protected from recontamination during storage.
Which is better for disinfection chlorine or chloramine?
Chlorine can also have a shorter effective period when it comes to water treatment, so in certain areas where water has to travel farther, chloramines can be more effective to ensure long-term water disinfection.
