What is the equilibrium ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?
3.06 × 10-5
What is the equilibrium ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate under standard conditions when [ATP]/[ADP] = 10? 3.06 × 10-5.
Is phosphoenolpyruvate reduced to pyruvate?
The PEP is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (PK) or alternatively converted directly to oxaloacetate (OAA) by Ppc.
Is phosphoenolpyruvate the same as pyruvate?
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the ester derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry.
How is pyruvate converted to phosphoenolpyruvate?
In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate; in gluconeogenesis, pyruvate is converted into glucose. However, gluconeogenesis is not a reversal of glycolysis. Phosphoenolpyruvate is formed from pyruvate by way of oxaloacetate through the action of pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
Why there is no change in the H C ratio of glucose and lactate?
Although there are two oxidation-reduction steps as glucose is converted into lactate, there is no net change in the oxidation state of carbon; in glucose (C6H12O6) and lactic acid (C3H6O3), the H:C ratio is the same.
Is phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate Exergonic?
The transfer of the phosphate group from PEP to ADP, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase [10], is also highly exergonic and is thus virtually irreversible under… pyruvate or substances catabolized to PEP or pyruvate are added to the medium, however, further synthesis of the two enzymes is speedily repressed.
How is lactate cleared from circulation?
Lactate is cleared from blood, primarily by the liver, with the kidneys (10-20%) and skeletal muscles doing so to a lesser degree. The ability of the liver to consume lactate is concentration-dependent and progressively decreases as the level of blood lactate increases.
What is lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes?
Lactic acidosis is a metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap characterized by serum lactate levels >5 mmol/L (4 mEq/L). It is caused by increased anaerobic glucose metabolism and consequent lactate accumulation in the bloodstream.
