What is the difference between hippocampus and hippocampal formation?
The term hippocampal formation typically refers to the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus proper (i.e., cornu ammonis), and the subicular cortex. The hippocampus is also called Ammon’s Horn because the two hippocampi bend around in the form of the horns of a ram.
Is the hippocampus part of the hippocampal formation?
The hippocampus is one of several brain regions that together comprise the hippocampal formation. The other regions that together comprise the hippocampal formation consist of the dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the entorhinal cortex.
How does the hippocampus form memories?
Hippocampus and memory Spatial relationship memories involve pathways or routes. Spatial relationship memories appear to be stored in the right hippocampus. The hippocampus is also where short-term memories are turned into long-term memories. These are then stored elsewhere in the brain.
What is the major output of the hippocampus?
The major input to the hippocampus is through the entorhinal cortex (EC), whereas its major output is via CA1 to the subiculum. Information reaches CA1 via two main pathways, direct and indirect.
Can you remove hippocampus?
HM’s story reveals what happens when both hippocampi are completely removed. Similar problems develop when one hippocampus is damaged by illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease, or hurt in an accident. When the hippocampus is impaired, patients can’t develop new long-term memories.
How does the hippocampus affect behavior?
The ability to learn new information about a person, or ourselves, that is tied to a specific event or experience is a characteristic feature of hippocampal-dependent memory, and contributes to our ability to form relationships with others, influences our behaviors towards others, and affects our judgments and …
Why was HM’s hippocampus removed?
When Henry Molaison (now widely known as H.M.) cracked his skull in an accident, he began blacking out and having seizures. In an attempt to cure him, daredevil surgeon Dr. William Skoville removed H.M.’s hippocampus. Luckily, the seizures did go away — but so did his long-term memory!
How is the hippocampus related to learning and memory?
Because glucocorticoid excess is associated with hippocampal damage in animals, and the hippocampus participates in learning and memory, we explored the relationships between hippocampal formation ( … Patients with chronic hypercortisolemia due to Cushing’s syndrome (CS) exhibit cognitive dysfunction.
How is the hippocampus related to spatial processing?
Hippocampal processing beyond the spatial domain cannot be explained by the BBB model, but several theoretical positions have been advanced to address the broader role of the hippocampus in mnemonic processing. The hippocampus appears to be crucial for long-term episodic memory, yet its precise role remains elusive.
Where does the formation of the hippocampus take place?
CA1-CA3: hippocampus proper The hippocampal formation is a compound structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain.
How is hippocampal function related to declarative memory?
Under the flexible-relational hypothesis, hippocampal function is closely related to declarative memory, including all explicit memory (Eichenbaum, 1999), but also favors flexible uses of memory and relational learning (e.g., performing transitive inference; Bunsey and Eichenbaum 1996, Dusek and Eichenbaum 1997 ).
