What are the grades of varicocele?
There are three grades of varicocele: Grade I: able to be felt only when the patient is straining (valsalva maneuver) Grade II: able to be felt at rest, but not visible. Grade III: clearly visible on exam.
Is there a grade 4 varicocele?
A varicocoele is the dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins, a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. This is the appearance of the so-called ‘bag of worms’ felt clinically on examination. The veins were dilated even in the supine resting position in keeping with a Grade 4 varicocele.
Which treatment is better for varicocele?
Surgical correction is the most commonly performed technique to treat varicoceles with a technical failure rate of less than 5%. An attractive alternative to surgery is the selective catheterization and embolization of the gonadal vein.
What are the grades for synovitis on ultrasound?
Doppler activity can also be graded. Grade 0 means there is no doppler activity. Grade 1 means there is some activity, Grade 2 means less than <50% area of the joint and Grade 3 is >50% of the area of the joint. In essence this means that the greater the degree of grey scale synovitis and doppler grading the more extensive the disease.
What is varicocele Grade 1 color Doppler ultrasound?
Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) classification of varicocele Grade 1 is characterised by the detection of a prolonged reflux in vessels in the inguinal channel only during Valsalva’s manoeuvre, while scrotal varicosity is not evident in the previous grey-scale study.
When to use Grade 2 Doppler in synovitis?
Grade 2 includes for instance both confluent signals that cover 5% or slightly <50% of the synovium. These findings also reflect the experience of the authors in clinical practice. This uneven distribution between grades may impair the sensitivity to change in follow-up studies using Doppler as an outcome measure.
How are the 5 grades of varicocele determined?
In accordance with Sarteschi, varicocele can be divided into five grades according to the characteristics of the reflux and its length, and to changes during Valsalva’s manoeuvre. Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) classification of varicocele
